HISTONE Recombinant Proteins
Histone recombinant proteins are engineered forms of the core histone proteins (H1, H2A, H2B, H3, and H4) or their variants, critical for nucleosome assembly and chromatin regulation. These proteins are synthesized in controlled expression systems, ensuring high purity, proper folding, and biological activity. Histones play a pivotal role in DNA packaging, epigenetic regulation, and chromatin remodeling, making their recombinant forms essential for in vitro studies and therapeutic applications.
Content of Histone Recombinant Proteins
- Expression Systems:
- Bacterial Systems: Often used due to simplicity and cost-effectiveness, ideal for non-post-translationally modified histones.
- Eukaryotic Systems: Employed for generating histones with post-translational modifications (PTMs) such as acetylation, methylation, and phosphorylation.
- Post-Translational Modifications (PTMs):
Recombinant histones can be modified or mimic natural PTMs, which regulate chromatin dynamics and gene expression. PTMs include:- Acetylation (e.g., H3K27ac)
- Methylation (e.g., H3K4me3)
- Phosphorylation (e.g., H3S10ph)
- Ubiquitination (e.g., H2Aub)
- Validation:
Histone recombinant proteins undergo rigorous validation through mass spectrometry, Western blotting, and functional assays to confirm PTM profiles and biological activity.
Applications of Histone Recombinant Proteins
- Chromatin Assembly and Remodeling:
- Employed in in vitro nucleosome reconstitution to study chromatin dynamics.
- Used to assess the activity of ATP-dependent chromatin remodelers.
- Structural Biology:
Recombinant histones enable crystallization of nucleosomes and study of chromatin at atomic resolution using X-ray crystallography or cryo-electron microscopy. - Antibody Validation:
Serve as controls in immunological assays such as Western blot, ELISA, and chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) to validate histone-specific antibodies. - Educational and Diagnostic Kits:
Recombinant histones are integral to commercial kits designed for teaching and investigating histone-related epigenetic processes.
By providing highly consistent and functional forms of histones, recombinant histone proteins have revolutionized the study of chromatin biology and epigenetics, paving the way for novel insights into gene regulation and therapeutic interventions.
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