TNF Recombinant Proteins
Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF) recombinant proteins are engineered versions of the TNF cytokine, a multifunctional inflammatory mediator primarily secreted by activated macrophages, T cells, and natural killer cells. TNF plays a central role in the immune system by regulating inflammation, apoptosis, and cell proliferation. It exists in two biologically active forms: TNF-α and TNF-β (lymphotoxin-α), with TNF-α being the most studied due to its clinical significance in inflammatory and autoimmune diseases.
Content of TNF Recombinant Proteins
- Molecular Composition:
- Typically includes the active extracellular domain of TNF-α or TNF-β.
- Available in monomeric, dimeric, or trimeric forms, reflecting its functional states.
- Production Systems:
- Bacterial Expression Systems (E. coli): High yield with minimal post-translational modifications.
- Mammalian Systems: Ensures correct glycosylation and folding for enhanced bioactivity.
- Purity and Quality:
- Typically ≥95% pure as determined by SDS-PAGE or HPLC.
- Endotoxin levels are minimized (<0.01 EU/µg) for sensitive applications.
Applications of TNF Recombinant Proteins
- Cell Biology:
- Studying apoptosis and necrosis mechanisms in cancer and immune cells.
- Elucidating cell survival pathways mediated by TNF receptors (TNFR1 and TNFR2).
- Cancer Research:
- Evaluating TNF's cytotoxic effects on tumor cells.
- Developing TNF-based immunotherapies, including combination treatments with checkpoint inhibitors.
- Signal Transduction Studies:
- Exploring the activation of NF-κB, MAPK, and other downstream signaling cascades.
- Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine:
- Investigating the role of TNF in tissue inflammation and repair.
TNF recombinant proteins are essential tools for advancing our understanding of immune responses, inflammatory pathways, and the development of TNF-targeted therapeutics.
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