TNF Recombinant Proteins

TNF Recombinant Proteins 

Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF) recombinant proteins are engineered versions of the TNF cytokine, a multifunctional inflammatory mediator primarily secreted by activated macrophages, T cells, and natural killer cells. TNF plays a central role in the immune system by regulating inflammation, apoptosis, and cell proliferation. It exists in two biologically active forms: TNF-α and TNF-β (lymphotoxin-α), with TNF-α being the most studied due to its clinical significance in inflammatory and autoimmune diseases.

Content of TNF Recombinant Proteins

• Molecular Composition:
  • Typically includes the active extracellular domain of TNF-α or TNF-β.
  • Available in monomeric, dimeric, or trimeric forms, reflecting its functional states.
• Production Systems:
  • Bacterial Expression Systems (E. coli): High yield with minimal post-translational modifications.
  • Mammalian Systems: Ensures correct glycosylation and folding for enhanced bioactivity.
• Purity and Quality:
  • Typically ≥95% pure as determined by SDS-PAGE or HPLC.
  • Endotoxin levels are minimized (<0.01 EU/µg) for sensitive applications.

Applications of TNF Recombinant Proteins

• Cell Biology:
  • Studying apoptosis and necrosis mechanisms in cancer and immune cells.
  • Elucidating cell survival pathways mediated by TNF receptors (TNFR1 and TNFR2).
• Cancer Research:
  • Evaluating TNF's cytotoxic effects on tumor cells.
  • Developing TNF-based immunotherapies, including combination treatments with checkpoint inhibitors.
• Signal Transduction Studies:
  • Exploring the activation of NF-κB, MAPK, and other downstream signaling cascades.
• Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine:
  • Investigating the role of TNF in tissue inflammation and repair.

TNF recombinant proteins are essential tools for advancing our understanding of immune responses, inflammatory pathways, and the development of TNF-targeted therapeutics.