PTPN (Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase, Non-receptor) recombinant proteins are engineered proteins used primarily in research to study the function and regulation of PTPN enzymes. PTPNs are a subfamily of protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs) involved in various cellular processes, including cell growth, differentiation, mitotic cycle, and oncogenic transformation. These proteins are crucial for the reversible phosphorylation of tyrosine residues on target proteins, a key mechanism in signal transduction pathways.
Content
Structure and Function
- PTPN proteins have a highly conserved catalytic domain responsible for dephosphorylating tyrosine residues.
- The recombinant forms often retain the essential catalytic domain but may include additional tags (e.g., His-tag) for purification.
- Key PTPN family members include PTPN1 (PTP1B), PTPN2 (TCPTP), PTPN11 (SHP-2), and others, each with specific roles in signaling pathways.
Production
- PTPN recombinant proteins are produced using various expression systems, such as E. coli, insect cells, or mammalian cells.
- They are purified using affinity chromatography, often via the attached tag, to ensure high purity and activity.
Applications
- Used in in vitro assays to study tyrosine phosphorylation and dephosphorylation.
- Critical in drug discovery, particularly in identifying inhibitors or modulators of PTPNs.
- Utilized in biochemical and structural studies to understand the mechanisms of PTPN-related diseases.
Quality and Validation
- Recombinant PTPN proteins are characterized by SDS-PAGE, Western blotting, and activity assays to confirm identity and functionality.
- Stability and activity are maintained under specific storage conditions, typically at -80°C.
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